Definition

Noun 1. A specific type of ancient Greek drama: A satyr play is a form of classical Greek drama that is characterized by its burlesque, humorous, and often bawdy tone. It features a chorus dressed as satyrs—mythological creatures that are part man and part horse or goat, known for their riotous behavior and association with the god Dionysus. These plays were performed as a light-hearted conclusion to a trilogy of tragic plays at Athenian dramatic festivals.

Usage and Examples

• As a historical/theatrical term:
  • After presenting three serious tragedies, the competing playwright would conclude his entry with a satyr play to lighten the mood of the audience.
  • Euripides' "Cyclops" is the only complete satyr play that has survived from antiquity.
• In academic discussion:
  • The structure of the satyr play provided a crucial comedic and thematic release following the intensity of the tragedies.

Advanced Usage and Context

• Dramatic Function: The satyr play served a specific ritual and cultural function within the City Dionysia festival. It blended mythical themes (often parodying the very myths treated seriously in the preceding tragedies) with rustic humor, physical comedy, and a chorus of satyrs who were followers of Dionysus.
• Formal Characteristics: While humorous, the satyr play maintained the formal structure of Greek drama, including choral odes and episodes of dialogue. Its burlesque nature often involved exaggerated action, sexual innuendo, and satire.

Variants and Related Words

• Satyr (noun): The mythological creature, part man and part beast, that forms the chorus of the satyr play. They are companions of Dionysus, representing untamed nature and revelry.
• Burlesque (noun/adjective): A literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration or comic imitation. This term describes the core style of the satyr play.
• Tetralogy (noun): A set of four related dramatic works. In Athenian competitions, a playwright submitted a tetralogy consisting of three tragedies and one satyr play.

Synonyms

• Dramatic burlesque
• Satyr drama

Related Concepts and Phrases

• Dithyramb: A choral hymn sung in honor of Dionysus, considered a precursor to Greek tragedy and satyr play.
• City Dionysia: The major Athenian festival at which tragedies and satyr plays were performed in competition.
• Chorus of Satyrs: The defining feature of this play type, where the chorus members wore costumes with horse tails, ears, and phalluses to portray the lustful, mischievous satyrs.

Noun

1. an ancient Greek burlesque with a chorus of satyrs